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- <text id=89TT1219>
- <title>
- May 08, 1989: Soviet Union:And Now For My Next Trick
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- May 08, 1989 Fusion Or Illusion?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 41
- SOVIET UNION
- And Now for My Next Trick . . .
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By purging 74 "dead souls" from the Central Committee,
- Gorbachev once again proves a political magician without peer
- </p>
- <p>By John Kohan/Moscow
- </p>
- <p> More than once, Mikhail Gorbachev has shown himself to be
- the most dazzling of political magicians. So when word spread
- that the Communist Party Central Committee had been summoned
- last week for a special plenum to discuss "organizational
- questions," many Soviets wondered just what the General
- Secretary had up his sleeve this time. Gorbachev did not
- disappoint them. Without resorting to repression, arrest or
- personal vilification, he gracefully purged 74 full members of
- the 301-member Central Committee. Never before in Soviet history
- had such a large housecleaning been executed so painlessly.
- </p>
- <p> The departing Old Guard, dubbed the "dead souls" in a
- reference to Nikolai Gogol's 19th century novel, read like a
- Who's Who from the time of Leonid Brezhnev. Included were a
- former President, a former Prime Minister, five marshals, six
- generals and a portfolio of onetime Politburo members. What's
- more, they had "requested" to resign in an extraordinary
- statement that expressed "unanimous support for the political
- course of our dear party." As Gorbachev explained to the plenum,
- "One generation of party members has naturally to replace
- another."
- </p>
- <p> That modest assessment downplayed the significance of a
- leadership shuffle that considerably strengthened the Soviet
- leader's position in his struggle against the party's
- conservative wing. In theory, the Central Committee functions
- as the party's most authoritative ruling body in the period
- between Communist Party congresses. It has the formal power to
- vote out the ruling Politburo, but it can replenish its own
- ranks only when a congress is convened. With the next regular
- congress scheduled for 1991, the Soviet leader had to be
- content, for the moment, with promoting 24 junior members of the
- present body from candidate to voting members. Though the
- Central Committee was thus downsized by 50 members, to 251,
- reinforcements are on the way. Since the last congress, in 1986,
- Gorbachev has changed party leaders in six out of 15 republics
- and 88 out of 150 regional and territorial party chiefs.
- </p>
- <p> The plenum was the first major meeting since the March
- elections for the new Congress of People's Deputies, which
- holds its inaugural session on May 25. The strong showing by
- reformist candidates gave Gorbachev the proof he needed to
- persuade skeptical party functionaries that the solution to the
- country's economic woes lies in accelerating reforms, not
- braking them. "The elections unequivocally said yes to
- perestroika," Gorbachev told the plenum. Added he: "We should
- have enough courage and ability to pursue consistently the line
- we have marked out under difficult conditions."
- </p>
- <p> Speaking with the same bluntness heard at past party
- plenums, Gorbachev did not gloss over the country's continuing
- shortages in food and consumer goods, but he also contended that
- many Soviets had forgotten how to work and "had got used to the
- fact that they are often paid just for coming to work." His
- harshest words were targeted at bumbling bureaucrats. Gorbachev
- told how one ministry had imported almost 30 million medical
- syringes without ensuring that there were needles to go with
- them.
- </p>
- <p> Gorbachev asserted that many in the party were "not always
- keeping pace with life," adding, "This is also true of the
- Central Committee of the party and its Politburo." He compared
- some party leaders with commanders who are straggling in the
- trenches when their divisions are already on the attack. Said
- he: "Some have already gone so far as to say in effect that
- democracy and glasnost are very nearly a disaster. The fact that
- people . . . no longer want to remain silent and insist on
- making demands is viewed as taking perestroika too far. I for
- one, comrades, see this as a success of perestroika."
- </p>
- <p> Gorbachev's feisty tone was matched by a barrage of frank
- criticism from the floor, which was later printed in full in
- the Soviet press. Yuri Solovyov, the Leningrad regional party
- boss who had lost his uncontested election race for the new
- legislature, charged that Kremlin initiatives like the
- antialcoholism campaign and the program to foster cooperative
- businesses had been carried out with "inconsistency, haste and
- insufficient thought." Of perestroika, Solovyov said, the
- "minuses still significantly exceed the pluses." Moscow Mayor
- Valeri Saikin, another election loser, questioned whether
- democracy had not come to mean "everything is permitted."
- </p>
- <p> One of the harshest blasts came from Vladimir Melnikov, the
- party boss from the Komi region, in the northeastern part of
- the Russian Republic. He charged that today's problems could not
- simply be attributed to past leaders. "We are duty bound to
- admit that many mistakes and miscalculations have been made in
- the years of perestroika too." In fact, he wondered if the real
- truth were being kept from Gorbachev by aides who were "clearly
- guarding the General Secretary from the severity of the
- situation."
- </p>
- <p> With a final round of elections set for May 14, there was
- evidence last week that some local functionaries had not got
- the message from the first round of votes. In one district of
- the Russian city of Pskov, the local electoral commission chose
- the regional party boss again as its uncontested candidate,
- despite the fact that he lost his first bid at the ballot box.
- The liberals could at least claim a triumph in the second round
- of elections at the Soviet Union's Academy of Sciences. After
- weeks of debate, academy members finally voted Nobel Peace
- laureate Andrei Sakharov one of their 20 seats in the congress.
- Independent deputies and supporters of such unofficial groups
- as the popular front movements in the Baltic States have already
- gathered in Moscow to discuss forming a loose parliamentary bloc
- called the March Coalition. The group could attract as many as
- 10% of the members of the new Congress of People's Deputies,
- presenting Gorbachev with something akin to an organized
- opposition.
- </p>
- <p> If the left may challenge the Soviet leader in the future,
- the conservatives are doing so right now, and Gorbachev showed
- last week that he could hold his own in the debate with them.
- In some ways, Gorbachev is the Teflon General Secretary, blaming
- others for the plodding progress of perestroika despite the fact
- that he has been in charge for more than four years.
- "Gorbachev's greatest strength may very well be his pragmatism,"
- mused a Moscow intellectual. "He is not dogmatic about carrying
- out any set program. Instead, he maneuvers in and out of every
- situation like a clever fox." Nonetheless, with empty store
- shelves and seething ethnic tensions, many edgy Soviets are
- counting the days in hopes that the first session of the new
- congress will mark the point of no return on the path of reform.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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